PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE TANKS

Future Development Solutions Joint Stock Company (Fudeso) has 5 years of experience in research, development and processing of fiberglass composite tanks and composite materials.

With long experience in manufacturing quality and reputable composite tanks, Fudeso always strictly control material norms used to manufacture FRP tanks properly, thereby improving mechanical properties and lower production costs of the products.

Composite tanks are made of composite materials, which is a composite of two or more materials creating a new one superior to the original ones. In general, each composite material consists of one or more discrete phases distributed in a single continuous phase. (The phase is a component material within the structure of a composite material). A continuous phase is called a matrix, which is responsible for linking discrete phases. A discrete phase is called a reinforcement that is mixed with the matrix to increase its mechanical strengths, adhesion, wear resistance and scratch resistance …

REINFORCEMENT COMPONENTS

Mineral fibers: fiberglass, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers; heat-stabilized synthetic fibers: Kermel fibers, Nomex fibers, Kynol fibers, Apyeil fibers. Other less common fiber groups: plant fibers (wood, cellulose): paper, jute, hemp, pineapple, coconut fibers...; mineral fiber: asbestos fibers, silica fibers, etc.; synthetic resins: polyester fibers (tergal, dacron, térylène, etc.), polyamide fibers, etc.; metallic fibers: steel, copper, aluminum, etc.

Fiberglass: Glass fibers, pulled out of spinning glass (woven glass), with small diameter of several dozen micrometers. Then the fibers will lose the disadvantages of glass block such as brittle, easy to crack, but become more mechanical advantages. Woven glass may contain other minerals such as silicon, aluminum, magnesium, etc., which produce different types of glass fibers, such as: E-glass (good conductivity), D-glass (good insulation), A-glass (high alkalinity), C-glass (high stability), R-glass and S-glass (high mechanical strength). E-glass is the most common while the other types are usually rare (1%) and used in separate applications.

Basalt fibers: Similar to fiberglass, but it is made from basalt.

Organic fibers: Kenvlar fibers are composed of aramide organic compounds and fabricated by low-temperature synthesis (-10°C). Then, they are drawn into fibers in the solution and heat-treated to increase elastic modulus. Kenvlar fibers and all other aramid fibers such as Twaron, Technora, ... have lower cost than fiberglass as their mechanical properties are lower: aramid fibers usually have lower compression strength and bending, and easily get shear deformation between layers.

Carbon bibbers: The main carbon fiber is graphite, which has a crystal surface structure, forming linked layers spaced about 3.35 A°. Carbon atoms bond together, in a plane, forming a hexagonal crystal lattice, with the spacing between the atoms in each layer off 1.42 A°. Carbon fibers have a relatively high mechanical properties, some are nearly equivalent to fiberglass, and have excellent thermal resistance.

Boron fibers: Boron or Bore fiber (chemical symbol: B), is a form of ceramic fiber obtained by precipitation. Commercial products of this type can be in the form of long strands of parallel filaments, impregnated tapes used to wrap tubes or biquadratic fabrics.
Silicon carbide fibers: Silicon carbide fiber (chemical formula: SiC) is also a ceramic fiber obtained by precipitation

Fabric reinforcement: Fabric reinforcement is a composite of the surface bars (plates) of the fiber reinforcements, made by textile technology. Traditional weaving techniques commonly used are plain weaving, satin weaving, twill weaving, high elastic modulus weaving or biquadratic weaving. Weaving means knitting fibers, or crossing fibers. In addition, there are also advanced weaving techniques such as braiding or twisting to form multilateral fabric.

MATRIX MATERIALS
Thermoset polymer matrix materials: polyester resins and concentrated resins such as phenol resins, furan resins, amine resins, epoxy resins. Epoxy resins are widely used (after unsaturated polyester) in the composite industry. Due to high mechanical properties, epoxy resins are used to create high-strength composites for the manufacture of aircraft, space, rockets, etc. Mechanical properties of epoxy resins (dragging, compression, bending, skocking and magnetizing etc.) are better than polyester resins.
Polymer matrix materials: The base material is thermoplastic such as PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, etc.
Metal matrix materials: Metal matrix composites have very high elastic modulus, up to 110 GPa. Therefore, elastic modulus of the reinforcement also need to be high as well. The most used metals are: aluminum, nickel, copper.

COMPOSITE CLASSIFICATION
+Polymer matrix composites
+Carbon-carbon matrix composites
+ Ceramic matrix composites
+ Metal matrix composites
+ Combined composites
By nature, it can be divided into reinforcements and matrices
Organic composite: paper-based composite (paperboard), resin, asphalt and rubber-based composite (grain plates, fiber sheets, canvas, waterproof materials, automobile tires), ... This can often be combined with all types of reinforcements, such as: organic fibers (polyamide, kevlar (aramid fibers with high mechanical properties), etc.), mineral fibers (fiberglass, carbon fibers, etc.), metallic fibers (Bo, aluminum, ...). Organic composite materials can withstand a maximum temperature of around 200 ÷ 300°C only.
Mineral matrix composite: Concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic composite, carbon-carbon composite. Typically, this type of composite is combined with the following types: metallic composite (Bo, steel, ...), metallics (ceramic), ceramic grains (carbide ceramics, nitro ceramics ...).
Metal matrix composite: titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, ... This composite is usually combined with such reinforcements as: metallic fibers (Bo, ...), mineral fibers (carbon, SiC, ...). Metal matrix composites and mineral matrix materials can withstand a maximum temperature of 600 ÷ 1,000°C (for ceramic matrix, it can be up to 1,000°C).
According to aggregate shape:
Fiber-reinforced composites: Fibers are a material that has the length which is much larger than the other two dimensions. In the two said dimensions, fibers are distributed discontinuously in composites, but in length they can be continuous or dispersed. It is common for these types of fiber-reinforced materials to be associated with the word composite in the name. Domestic composite products are usually fabricated from fiber-reinforced composites, mainly on the plastic matrix.
Particle-reinforced composites: Particles are a discontinuous material, they do not have preferred size as fibers. The most common type of particle-reinforced composites is concrete.
Fiber and particle-reinforced composites: Concrete is a mineral matrix composite. In case it is combined with steel reinforcement to make reinforced concrete, the artificial stone made of cement is the matrix material, the concrete aggregates including yellow sand and macadam is the particle reinforcement, and the reinforcement in the concrete is fiber reinforcement.
With the advantages of high mechanical properties (compression, bending, tensile ...), high durability and excellent chemical resistance, it is widely applied in all industries and civil engineering.
In the field of environment - wastewater treatment, composite materials are usually made into composite tanks for chemicals or as closed wastewater treatment systems.
Cylindrical composite cylindrical tank. This form is usually used for chemical tanks, domestic wastewater treatment tanks.